The research team of Yang Caiguang of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jiang Hualiang's group conducted a small molecule regulation study based on the structure of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) adenine (M6A) demethylase FTO structure in mRNA. Nucleic acid demethylases, such as FTO, are small molecule inhibitors with enzymatic and cellular activity. The paper was published online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society on October 11.
The latest research shows that m6A is widely distributed in the gene transcription region. There is one m6A modification site in every 2,000 bases. There are about 12,000 m6A sites in more than 7000 human genes. The level of m6A modification in mRNA is in a broad spectrum. Gene expression plays a fundamental regulatory role. These frontier developments have opened up new directions in the field of epigenetics research with "RNA modification / demodification and regulation" as the core content. FTO is a human homologous protein that repairs AlkB family oxidase by α-ketoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid. It is closely related to type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc. It is currently the only known in vitro And nucleic acid oxidase that demethylates m6A in mRNA in cells.
In this study, Yang Caiguang's research group based on the accumulation of research on the base damage mechanism of AlkB homologous protein ABH2 / ABH3 (Mol BioSyst, 2010, 6, 2143; Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2012, 19, 671), and Researcher Luo Cheng of Jiang Hualiang's research group formed a research team to guide Ph.D. students Chen Baoen and Ye Fei to conduct screening and study on the mode of action of small molecule inhibitors based on FTO crystal structure. The researchers used a combination of drug design, biochemistry, and biophysics to obtain for the first time a small molecule compound with natural enzymes such as rhein, which has inhibitory activity against FTO. Rhein can compete with nucleic acid substrates for binding sites, inhibiting the demethylation of m6A in RNA by FTO. Cell experiment data show that rhein can regulate m6A modification level in intracellular mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner.
The results of the study clarified that the dynamic modification of m6A to mRNA can be regulated by chemical intervention. This provides a probe compound for further revealing the regulatory pathway of m6A-modified mRNA and discovering potential mRNA demethylases . However, how to achieve the selectivity and specificity of probe compounds at the cellular level will remain a new challenge for the research team's follow-up research.
This research work was supported by the pilot projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Hundred People Program" and "Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine", the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology, and was strongly assisted by multiple research groups of the institute.
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