"Curious" launches laser beam to detect Martian rocks

According to the NASA website and the British "Connect" magazine reported on August 19th, NASA's "Curious" Mars rover is today targeting the established target on the Martian ground for the first time-a fist Rocks of the size known as "coronated" emit laser beams to detect their composition and look for traces of water or organic matter.

The chemical and camera equipment (ChemCam for short), which plays a leading role in this inspection task, is one of the most important scientific instruments carried by the "Curious". The laser on it can emit multiple laser pulses in rapid succession to a needle-sized area or multiple areas, observe the plasma flash produced by the evaporated material, and record the color contained in the light. Then the spectrometer can use the entire visible light spectrum and infrared and ultraviolet spectrum for targeted analysis, find the corresponding elements on the periodic table, and determine the elemental composition of the evaporated substance. It can look for elements that are vital to life, such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The system can also immediately find water in frost or other sources on the surface of Mars, as well as the carbon that is the basic element of life and life by-products.

During the mission, the Curiosity fired 30 laser beams on the surface of this fist-sized rock within 10 seconds. Each laser beam had a power of up to 1 million watts and burned for about 5 parts per billion per second. The energy of the laser is used to transform the atoms inside the rock into a luminous plasma. The fire light is captured and analyzed by a telescope, and analyzed by three spectrometers to detect what element this rock is made of.

This is the first time that a laser has been used for detection on Mars. The purpose is to verify the performance of this instrument. ChemCam records the spectrum produced by sparks triggered by 30 laser pulses each time, and the spectrometer can record the intensity of 6144 different wavelengths of ultraviolet, visible and infrared. Researchers will check whether the composition of the rock has changed during the continuous pulse launch. If there is indeed a change, it means that the dust or other surface material covered has been penetrated, revealing the different components inside the rock.

The technology used by ChemCam is called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. It has been used to determine the composition of targets in other extreme environments, such as targets in nuclear reactors and on the seabed. It has also been used in environmental monitoring and cancer screening. Experimental application method.

Roger Waynes, leader of the ChemCam scientific team and Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, said that scientists are very excited to get a lot of spectral signals and are working overtime to analyze the data. "It has taken eight years to design this instrument, and now is the time to repay it." Said Hillforcht Morris, an assistant scientist at the ChemCam project and the Institute of Planetary Astrophysics (IRAP) in Toulouse, France: "Surprisingly, the signal-to-noise ratio is even better than the data obtained from experiments conducted on the earth. The content is extremely rich, and it is expected to pass thousands of targets from ChemCam in the next two years. A major discovery was made in the study. "

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