There are many processes in printing. To get a good printed product, there must be no problem in each process; on the contrary, if there is a process that fails, it is impossible to get high-quality printed products. If the printing process is subdivided, there are scanning, group production, film production, proofing, printing, printing and so on. Below, I will introduce each process one by one and discuss with you.
1. Scan
The quality of the manuscript and the level of color use are important factors restricting the quality of printing. In the selection and use of color manuscripts, whether to meet the requirements of plate-making printing has become a major factor affecting the overall printing quality. Especially photos, ignoring the requirements of printing plate-making, directly affect the overall quality of printing. The picture is a painting of Long Dianqing, with bright colors, rich layers and clear and vivid pictures, which will give readers beautiful enjoyment. It is hard to imagine that a group of manuscripts with severe color cast, lack of tone levels, and false distortions will print a wonderful effect. Although manuscripts with poor quality can be processed, it should be clear that the picture information can only be picked up on the basis of the manuscript, and cannot be reproduced. Every adjustment will lose a lot of layer and color information.
Here, the following requirements are put forward for the selected photo manuscripts, namely, accurate colors, moderate size, clear layers, good clarity, good quality, vivid, colorful, rich colors, accurate and realistic; moderate contrast, even distribution of layers; printed matter, etc. The secondary manuscript is preferably a print with a mesh line of more than 150 meshes, and it is best not to use it for enlargement; the photos downloaded from the Internet have few levels, excessive sharpening, inaccurate colors, and low pixel counts. The finalization of the original is the question of how to scan and process it. The types and levels of manuscripts are different, and the content and colors are very different. Copying photos with a consistent style and meeting printing requirements is the central task of scanning and processing. The basic principle of this work is: be faithful to the original, higher than the original and strive for a unified style.
Picture scanning is the first step of the picture process, and it is loyal to the specific steps of the original. The impact on the printing quality of pictures is decisive. To be as faithful as possible to the original, as much as possible to increase the degree of loyalty to the original, according to different originals to determine the corresponding scanning environment. The manuscript should be carefully analyzed, such as manuscript type, level range, black and white field, color, content, use orientation, use size, etc. Some scanners have a manuscript analysis function, making full use of it can do more with less. At the same time, it is necessary to analyze the shortcomings and shortcomings of the original and understand the editor's intentions, special requirements, etc., so as to adjust and compensate when scanning and adjusting. It should be noted that the original analysis is an important task before scanning. Scanner parameter settings fundamentally affect the information pickup situation. The scanner must first have a clear and clear understanding of the various parameters of the scanning software and understand its impact on the printing quality. Secondly, we must carefully set each parameter according to the manuscript situation and printing situation.
In the process of image processing, the following points should be mastered:
①Adjustment of picture level. The purpose of level adjustment is twofold: one is to compensate for the expansion of the dots in the printing process, and the main levels are concentrated in the visually sensitive area of ​​10% to 60%. Corresponding to the tone that can be reproduced by the printing station, so that the image is clear and true; on the other hand, the high, medium and low tone levels of the visual response should be adjusted according to the original content and the level distribution.
②Color correction. Color correction is to reproduce the colors reflected by the original (not the original). In the operation process, it is mainly to correct the color deviation caused by the original or scanning, to ensure the color of the main body part is accurate, and to ensure the accuracy of the basic color. When adjusting the color, it is necessary to ensure that the screen effect matches the printing effect of this unit. When calibrating the color, you should pay attention to the specific parameter values ​​of the picture instead of displaying it on the screen.
â‘¢RGB to CMYK format conversion. The picture format used for printing out the film must be CMYK format. The color separation parameter setting will directly affect the printing effect. Among the color separation parameters, the black plate generation range, maximum ink volume, color separation mode, and dot expansion are all very important. They need to be changed according to the printing conditions, and should be well coordinated with the printing situation.
â‘£ Sharpen. Sharpening is an effective method to improve image clarity. Sharpening is too small and the level is bland, too large will make the level too new. One thing to note is that different content requires different sharpening requirements. For example, the scenery can be slightly smaller, and the utensils can be slightly larger. From the screening process, sharpening also has the effect of eliminating layer loss due to screening. At this point, sharpening is by no means a process that can be done or not, but a necessary process for processing pictures.
Second, the group version production
Group version is an important process for mixing pictures and texts. Group version standardization and standardization are effective means to ensure and improve quality. The impact of this process on quality is mainly manifested in:
â‘ The operation of text, pictures, color blocks, and gradients is not standardized, which makes the layout too crowded or too loose, which affects the overall beauty.
â‘¡ Due to the difference between the screen effect and the resolution and color mode used in actual printing, the printing effect is inconsistent with the imagination.
â‘¢The smaller font size or thin lines adopt multi-color overlay and overprint ghost appears.
â‘£The RGB format is used directly to make the picture black and white.
⑤Pull and press the picture in the process of group version to make the picture effect poor and the output slow. Especially enlarge the picture, it has a great influence on the picture effect. Therefore, the group version should strictly follow the requirements of standardization and standardization. If the picture must be in CMYK format, the size of the picture should be changed in Photoshop. Do not stretch, compress, or deform. The spacing between pictures, text blocks, and color blocks should be standardized and unified.
Third, the production of a peaceful version
Film output, also known as output, includes several processes, such as RIP development, photo-exposure film exposure, processing, and inspection. Controlling this process with data and standardization is an important means of ensuring quality. The impact of this process on quality mainly includes:
â‘ The text becomes thick and fat due to the poor linearization of the output film, the printing effect is too black, the image color deviation and the poor reproduction of the gradation, and the color block color deviation.
â‘¡The bottom of the film is too large and the density is insufficient due to the exposure of the film and improper processing conditions. It is reflected in the layout that the layout is dirty, the field is false, the low-key dot level is lost, the net is dead, and the net is pasted.
â‘¢ The picture is pasted, extinct, and the picture layer performance is poor due to the high or low screen mesh.
â‘£Due to the improper screen angle, the moire and color performance are poor.
⑤ Due to the low positioning accuracy of the film, the overprint error and the rule line are too thick, which leads to the imposition error.
â‘¥ The effect of different layouts that appear inconsistently before and after the phototypesetting parameters is different.
⑦ Scribing, horseshoe marks, dirty marks, etc. due to improper washing and inspection operations are directly reflected on the layout as scratches, virtual dots, dirty layouts, etc.
Therefore, the following points should be noted in the process of film output:
①Data-based control is the basis of good film output process control and quality assurance. The digital control of film output has two aspects: one is to ensure the accuracy of the output dots, and the dot error should be controlled within 2%; the second is the bottom gray after the film is output, the maximum density value meets the requirements, and the bottom gray (D.) should be Less than 0.04, the maximum density Dmax≥3.0. This requires multiple tests on the exposure and processing of the film to find a set of accurate system parameters, and to adjust different batches of raw materials at different times. For different films, through tests and multiple linear adjustments to make the films meet the above requirements.
② Careful operation and careful adjustment. Standardized operation is an important step to ensure output quality. In the output, it is necessary to ensure that the parameters of each layout are consistent, the number of screen lines meets the printing requirements, the screen angle does not produce moire, the repeat positioning accuracy of the four color plates is within 25 μm, and the registration cross position, size and thickness are uniform.
After completing the filming task, it is time to proof. There are two types of proofing, digital proofing and analog proofing. The quality of the film directly determines the effect of the proofing, so how well this film is produced has a great influence on the proofing and the subsequent printing. Printing should pay attention to the choice of light intensity and exposure time. The solution configuration in the processor should also be done according to the requirements. Generally, you can do the test first, and then decide the relevant value.
4. Printing
Printing is also a very important process. Of course, there are many technical points.
First of all, mastering and controlling the water-ink balance is the key to steadily improve the printing quality. The balance of water and ink is the basis of printing. Only when the ink and water control is correct, can the printed newspapers and graphics be clear, the ink color depth is consistent, and the overprint can be accurate. The key to mastering ink-and-ink balance is water. On the premise of ensuring that it is not dirty, the water should be controlled within the minimum range, and the amount of water and ink should be in a relatively stable state. There is too little water, not only dirty, but also the layout is dull, pale and gray, and the imprint is not real, sometimes there are snow spots: too much water, and the imprint is not full, the text is faint, the handwriting is false, no Level etc. There is no absolute balance of ink and wash, only a relative balance. In order to stabilize the ink color balance, it is required to do the following in practical work:
①Pay attention to the proportion of fountain solution. The dampening fluids currently used by our company are mostly DSC dampening fluid from a company in Guangzhou and dampening fluid from a company in Shanghai. The ratio is generally 2% to 2.5%. The water temperature is controlled at about 16 ℃, and the pH value is 5.5 ~ 6.5, the conductivity value is around 1600, and the salinity is around 0.50 (in the case of tap water in the Donghu area of ​​Wuchang: the conductivity value is 270, the pH value is 7, and the salinity is 0).
â‘¡According to the quality of paper, adjust the supply of ink and water in time. Due to the different origin of the paper, the smoothness of the paper is also different. The moisture content of paper is different in different seasons. Therefore, when printing different papers, the water-ink balance should be adjusted in time. Generally speaking, the water volume of newsprint paper that is smooth and has less paper scraps is slightly smaller. The water volume of newsprint paper that is rough and has more paper scraps is slightly larger. . This is mainly based on the general performance of equipment, paper, ink and indoor and outdoor conditions to adjust the amount of ink supply.
â‘¢ Controlling the environment, temperature and humidity of the workshop is conducive to improving the printing quality. Since the water content of the layout is distributed directly and indirectly, most of the water content of the layout is distributed to the space when it meets the needs of the ink-water balance during printing. In general, the higher the ambient temperature, the faster the emission.
â‘£ When purchasing auxiliary materials, it is necessary to meet the needs of water and ink balance as much as possible. Ink, plate material, air cushion blanket, paper, etc. have a lot to do with ink color. The amount of paper used is large, and its poor quality is due to its economic aspects. However, the main materials such as plates and inks should also be selected. The best materials should be selected as much as possible. In general, do not change brands frequently. Let the workshop use regularly, in principle, what should be bought, not what should be bought.
⑤ Strengthening the maintenance and inspection of printing equipment is a means to improve printing quality. Whether the printing equipment is advanced or not, and whether maintenance and upkeep keep up are essential to improve printing quality. Therefore, in actual work, if you want to improve the quality of printed products, you must strengthen the maintenance and repair of printing equipment. Clean the ink roller, ink tank, water tank, water roller and water tank frequently. This cleaning includes cleaning after the end of printing every day, cleaning before each color change and regular thorough cleaning to prevent ink from remaining in the pores on the surface of the blanket. Otherwise, the conjunctiva will be oxidized for a long time, reducing the adsorption capacity of the ink and reducing the ink transfer. Frequently remove the residual ink in the ink tank and the impurities around the ink key to make the ink key retractable. In particular, the current remote ink correction device should ensure the cleanliness of its ink keys. Always clean the water tank, water tank and water roller to ensure the circulation of the water channel. Pay attention to the proportion of dampening water when changing the water, so that the pH of the water is in a normal state.
â‘¥ Regularly check the pressure of the transmission part. With the change of seasons, the machine keeps running for a long time, and the pressure of each part will change slightly. These changes have a direct impact on the printing quality. Because of the pressure between the printing cylinders and the pressure between the water rollers of the ink rollers, the impact on the printing quality is critical. In particular, the pressure between the ink rollers changes more severely with the seasons. Under normal circumstances, in March and November each year, in two months when the climate change is particularly noticeable, a large adjustment of the pressure of the rubber roller must be carried out. Normally the machine and maintenance personnel must check the pressure of the rubber roller and the roller pressure every half a month, and adjust and solve the problems at any time.
There is a famous saying that if you want to catch someone`s heart, you need to catch his/her stomach first. It is true that cooking a delicious meal for your love brings double happiness. Come to Taihua, we prepare everything for you and your kitchen.
One full set of kitchen room furniture usually consists of Island Cabinet, base cabinet, Wall Cabinet, pantry cabinet (Tall Cabinet).
For kitchen room furniture, we usually offer customizing service, because we know how important it is to fit every inch in the kitchen and make as much storage room as possible. Also, clients can choose from our variety of styles, materials and colors. We believe clients can always find the right kitchen in Taihua.
For other wooden furniture, we offer as many as 15 wooden colors and different sizes so that clients can fit their room well. Also, we offer size customizing service if the quantity meeting our MOQ. Clients` safety and health is always our priority, thus, we only use E0 standard raw materials. Besides the top quality raw materials, we also use top-quality hardware for more durability and stability, such as Blum, Hettich, Hafele, DTC.
Kitchen Room Furniture,Kitchen Storage Cabinets,Kitchen Cabinets,Kitchen Ware
Hangzhou Taihua Home Furnishing Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.taihuafurniture.com