Infrared thermometer is a commonly used measuring instrument, which has the advantages of fast response time, stable performance, flexible use and high reliability, and is widely used in many fields. What is the working principle of the infrared thermometer?
Infrared thermometer is a commonly used measuring instrument, which has the advantages of fast response time, stable performance, flexible use and high reliability, and is widely used in many fields. What is the working principle of the infrared thermometer? The following is a small introduction to the specific introduction, I hope to help everyone.
How infrared thermometer works
Understanding the working principle, technical specifications, environmental working conditions and operation and maintenance of the infrared thermometer is the basis for the user to correctly select and use the infrared thermometer. The optical system collects the target infrared radiation energy within its field of view. The size of the field of view is determined by the optical components and position of the thermometer. The infrared energy is focused on the photodetector and converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The signal is converted to the temperature value of the measured object by the amplifier and the signal processing circuit according to the internal algorithm of the instrument and the target emissivity. In addition, the environmental conditions of the target and the thermometer should be considered, such as the influence of temperature, atmosphere, pollution and interference on the performance indicators and the correction method.
All objects with temperatures above absolute zero are constantly emitting infrared radiation energy to the surrounding space. The magnitude of the infrared radiation energy of an object and its distribution by wavelength are closely related to its surface temperature. Therefore, by measuring the infrared energy radiated by the object itself, it can accurately measure its surface temperature, which is the objective basis on which infrared radiation is measured.
Blackbody Radiation Law: Blackbody is an idealized radiator that absorbs the radiant energy of all wavelengths. Without the reflection and transmission of energy, the surface emissivity is 1. It should be pointed out that there is no real black body in nature, but in order to clarify and obtain the law of infrared radiation distribution, it is necessary to select a suitable model in theoretical research. This is the quantized vibrator model of body cavity radiation proposed by Planck. The law of Planck blackbody radiation, that is, the blackbody spectral irradiance expressed by wavelength, is the starting point of all infrared radiation theory, so it is called the blackbody radiation law.
The effect of the emissivity of an object on the temperature measurement of radiation: the actual objects present in nature are hardly black. The amount of radiation of all actual objects depends on the wavelength of the radiation and the temperature of the object, as well as the type of material that makes up the object, the method of preparation, the thermal process, and the surface state and environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to apply the law of blackbody radiation to all practical objects, it is necessary to introduce a proportionality factor, ie, emissivity, related to the material properties and surface state. This coefficient indicates how close the thermal radiation of the actual object is to the blackbody radiation, with values ​​between zero and less than one. According to the law of radiation, as long as the emissivity of the material is known, the infrared radiation characteristics of any object are known.
The main factors affecting the emissivity are: material type, surface roughness, physical and chemical structure and material thickness.
When using the infrared radiation thermometer to measure the temperature of the target, first measure the amount of infrared radiation in the range of the target, and then calculate the temperature of the target by the thermometer. The monochromatic thermometer is proportional to the amount of radiation in the band; the two-color thermometer is proportional to the ratio of the amount of radiation in the two bands.
Infrared system: Infrared thermometer consists of optical system, photodetector, signal amplifier and signal processing, display output and other components. The optical system converges the target infrared radiation energy within its field of view. The size of the field of view is determined by the optical components of the thermometer and their position. The infrared energy is focused on the photodetector and converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The signal passes through the amplifier and the signal processing circuit, and is converted to the temperature value of the measured object after being corrected according to the algorithm of the internal treatment of the instrument and the target emissivity.
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