(1) A brief history of research
The multi-specific IgG (1VIg) of a normal human for treatment is a complete IgG sample obtained from the plasma of many normal humans; and it was initially limited to replacement therapy for patients with congenital immunodeficiency. In the past ten years, IVIg has been widely used to treat various autoimmune diseases and systemic inflammatory diseases. Its possible mechanisms include: blocking Fc receptors, inhibiting complement-mediated immune damage, and regulating the production of cytokines And selective immune protection. The above-mentioned effects may be through the interaction of circulating molecules in the V region of IVIg or the interaction with immunologically active cell surface molecules in the receptor.
(2) Autoantigen
Since IVlg comes from the plasma of normal people, the autoantibodies and anti-antibodies of IVIg are directly equivalent to those of natural IgG.
(3) Autoantibodies
1. Synonyms There are autoantibodies against IgM, IgG and IgA in normal human serum. These autoantibodies can bind to various autoantigens, including intracellular components and soluble molecules. Natural autoantibodies are formed by encoding the VH gene of the germline gene chain. It has multiple activities and often shows different affinity for self-antigens. It can recognize self-antigens and can also be recognized by other autoantibodies in the body. Natural autoantibodies are connected to each other through the V region. This structure can appear between IgM and IgG fragments and between IgM and autologous IgG molecules. In serum, the interaction between IgM and autologous IgG can down-regulate the activity of IgG. In addition, natural IgM and IgG autoantigens can recognize a limited series of major autoantigens.
2. Detection methods Immune hybridization of proteins extracted from soluble tissues with IVIg verified that IVIg also has multiple activities of natural self-antigens. Moreover, the self-activity of IVlg is similar to those of purified human IgG. ELISA and functional analysis can be used to detect individual antibodies specific to IVIg. The functional analysis uses many soluble molecules, some of which are intracellular components that are retained during germline development, and some are autoimmune diseases. The target antigens of autoantibodies, such as thyroglobulin, DNA, intrinsic factor and coagulation factor â…§.
3. Clinical significance Whether it is natural autoantibodies or disease-related autoantibodies, IVIg can bind to these unique antibodies and inhibit their activity. It was first discovered that treatment of antibodies with anticoagulant factor VIII with IVIg caused a rapid and significant drop in antibody titers in patients' serum. In addition to anti-coagulation factor VIII antibodies, there are many other autoantibodies, such as: thyroglobulin antibody, platelet antibody, endothelial cell antibody, C3 convertase antibody, C1 inhibitor antibody, HLAClassI antibody and cardiolipin antibody, etc. inhibition.
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