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Using photosynthetic bacteria to provide urgent oxygen to heart tissue? This is a new study published in the June 14 issue of Science Advances. The research team from Stanford University used a rat model to try a bold strategy for emergency oxygen supply for heart damage: they injected oxygen-emitting photosynthetic bacteria into heart tissue and provided oxygen to the heart through bacterial photosynthesis.
When a heart attack occurs, the heart tissue will be deprived of oxygen due to insufficient blood supply, which will cause irreversible damage and death of the cardiomyocytes. Scientists have long believed that if the cardiomyocytes are urgently supplied with oxygen before the coronary artery bypass surgery, some permanent damage can be avoided to protect the heart.
Now, the research team from Stanford University confirmed the feasibility of this theory on a rat model. They chose a photosynthetic Bacteria that releases oxygen under light and injects them into rat heart tissue, confirming that these microbes do provide oxygen to heart tissue.
How to supply oxygen to heart tissue? Plants or bacteria
Joseph Woo, a cardiothoracic surgeon at Stanford University, believes that the biggest problem with ischemic heart is hypoxia. How to solve this problem? Joseph Woo locked his eyes on plants and made a variety of seemingly whimsical attempts.
They extract chloroplasts from cabbage and spinach and inject them into heart tissue. However, the test results are not satisfactory. “We found that the chloroplasts that leave the plant cells are very unstable,†says Joseph Woo.
After abandoning the idea of ​​plants, Joseph Woo and the team began to explore the photosynthetic bacteria. They chose Synechococcus elongatus, a bacterium that can be used as a plant for photosynthesis, which uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen.
When the bacteria were in the same dish as the heart cells, the researchers found that the bacteria released oxygen under the light, ensuring the survival of the heart cells.
Animal test
Can these special microorganisms increase oxygen to the heart tissue of living animals? The research team used rats as a model to inject bacteria into heart tissue and simulate an emergency of heart attack by opening the chest and blocking the main blood supply artery.
It was found that the oxygen content of the heart tissue increased by about 25 times after 10 minutes of treatment under light. After 45 minutes, the heart contraction ability improved. Cardiac tissue blood flow under bacterial photosynthesis increased by 60% compared to heart tissue without bacterial infection. In the dark, blood flow to the heart tissue of mice is also increased by 30%.
More importantly, the team analyzed blood samples from rat models and found no evidence of bacterial side effects or immune responses. However, it is unclear whether bacteria will harm the human body.
There are still many challenges in clinical practice.
This strategy can protect the heart function of rodents, but it is still facing great challenges and difficulties in clinical use. For example, compared with rats, human myocardial tissue is thicker, and oxygen-producing bacteria may be difficult. penetrate. Moreover, the safety of bacteria cannot be guaranteed, and the human immune system is more complicated than we think.
Hina Chaudhry, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, commented on the study: "This is a fascinating and exciting approach. But from mice to humans, there is still a long way to go."
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